why is miss marie called the maginot linewhy is miss marie called the maginot line

Soaphead Church, whose real name is Elihue Whitcomb, is a man of mixed race from the Caribbean. Pecola is about to use a wagon to bring the wash back to the Breedlove storefront, and Mrs. Breedlove says that the MacTeer sisters can walk back with her. At fifteen, she meets Cholly; they marry and move far up to the North. The line has since become a metaphor for expensive efforts that offer a false sense of security.[1]. In 1939 U.S. Army officer Kenneth Nichols visited the Metz sector, where he was impressed by the formidable formations which he thought the Germans would have to outflank by driving through Belgium. These are large reinforced buried concrete bunkers, equipped with armoured turrets containing high-precision optics, connected with the other fortifications by field telephone and wireless transmitters (known in French by the acronym T.S.F., Tlgraphie Sans Fil). Claudias father, who works hard to keep the familyfed and clothed. Andr Maginot finally convinced the government to invest in the scheme. Today the Maginot Line has become a metaphor for expensive efforts which offer only a false sense of security. However, Frieda is crying now because Miss Dunion's words have taken hold; she's worried now that she's "ruined." The original construction did not cover the area ultimately chosen by the Germans for their first challenge, which was through the Ardennes in 1940, a plan known as Fall Gelb (Case Yellow), due to the neutrality of Belgium. Nazi Germany Conquers France: April 1940-December 1940, Constructing an Unbreakable Wall of Defense, The Nazis' End-run Around the Maginot Line, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, multiple books on World War II military campaigns, magnificent fortified town of Neuf-Brisach, a string of obstacles, traps and artillery forts. He has a gruff manner toward little Blackgirls. Considered by many to be an expensive failure, a symbol of French . When the bigger plan went to crap, the Maginot Line went along with it.". He goes from being the young lover to the naked black boy, forced to go on with sex while two bigger and stronger men watch. It turns out that Henry touched Friedas breasts. The family does not pay Pauline the last bit of money they owe her. The doctors dehumanize Pauline, and part of that dehumanization takes the form of refusing to look into her eyesbecause if they did, they would see her looking back at them, and encounter Pauline's undeniable humanness and her status as a subject (as opposed to purely an object). The serpent, constructed over a period of 11 years at a cost of some seven billion prewar francs, was France's last, best hope to avert another German invasion, another devastating war. In response, The Maginot Line throws glass bottle at the girls and laughs at them as they run away. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. These mixed-race colonial subjects worship their own oppressors, struggling to emulate them. Built at a cost that possibly exceeded $9 billion in. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! He blames God for the suffering and waste in the world, particularly in his own life, and then he congratulates himself for having granted Pecola's wishhis magic, he believes, will work, although only Pecola will be able to see the blue eyes that she has been given. Artillery was coordinated with protective measures to ensure that one fort could support the next in line by bombarding it directly without harm. Renews March 8, 2023 creating and saving your own notes as you read. Theylive above the Breedlove apartment and befriendPecola. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Their misinterpretation highlights their innocence. The fortifications did not extend through the Ardennes Forest (which was believed to be impenetrable by Commander-in-Chief Maurice Gamelin) or along France's border with Belgium because the two countries had signed an alliance in 1920, by which the French army would operate in Belgium if the German forces invaded. 10. Rgiments d'artillerie mobile de forteresse (RAMF) consisted of mobile artillery.[11]. [50] Kaufmann and Kaufmann point to the Maginot Line along the Italian border, which "demonstrated the effectiveness of the fortifications when properly employed".[51]. Complete your free account to request a guide. As the water table in this region is high, there was the danger of underground passages getting flooded, which the line designers knew would be difficult and expensive to overcome. The main construction was largely completed by 1939, at the cost of around 3 billion French francs (around 3.9 billion in today's U.S. dollars worth). Frieda narrates the whole story to Claudia: Mr. Henry made sexual advances at Frieda, who ran to tell her parents. The pie that should become a pleasant memory for Pecola will only be a pleasant memory for the little white girl"Polly" exerts all her effort in trying to make the house of the white folks feel like a home. The specification of the defences was very high, with extensive and interconnected bunker complexes for thousands of men; there were 45 main forts (grands ouvrages) at intervals of 15km (9.3mi), 97 smaller forts (petits ouvrages) and 352 casemates between, with over 100km (62mi) of tunnels. At a conference in London in 1924 to settle the Franco-German crisis caused by the Ruhrkampf, the British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald successfully pressed the French Premier douard Herriot to make concessions to Germany. The playground for whites only lets the girls know that they are in a place where they are not welcomed based purely on the color of their skin. Cholly has had no one to teach him how to be a fatherAunt Jimmy is so much older that she hardly seems an adequate role model. Having suffered early humiliations, he takes out his frustration on the women in his life. She is lonely and imaginative. How Hitler's Blitzkrieg Tactic Shocked the Allies in WWII. Her family, looking for a better life, migrates from Alabama to Kentucky while she is a girl. The main fortifications of the line were still mostly intact, many commanders were prepared to hold out, and the Italian advance had been contained. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. More scarring and memorable than any prior source in the novel, Pecolas own mother reinforces the message the girls have been receiving about the superiority of whites. The Maginot Line, an array of defenses that France built along its border with Germany in the 1930s, was designed to prevent an invasion. [27] For economic reasons, the success of the strategy of la guerre de longue dure would at the very least require Britain to maintain a benevolent neutrality, preferably to enter the war as an ally as British sea power could protect French imports while depriving Germany of hers. Cholly searches for father figuresfirst, in Blue Jack, and then in his biological father. After a long series of failures in his studies and migration, Elihue has settled in Lorrain and become the local fortune teller/sorcerer. Having light eyes marks a character as different. [23] The fact that the Wehrmacht embraced the strategy of Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) with the vision of swift wars in which Germany would win quickly via a knockout blow was a testament to the fundamental soundness of the concept of la guerre de longue dure. The inside of the house is beautiful, and a small white girl comes in and asks for Polly. Claudia is furious that the child calls Mrs. Breedlove by this name because even Pecola calls her mother Mrs. She is surprised to see them, and they ask her why she is not afraid of the Maginot Line. "The Maginot Line fit perfectly with this kind of thinking.". Based on France's experience with trench warfare during World War I, the massive Maginot Line was built in the run-up to World War II, after the Locarno Conference in 1925 gave rise to a fanciful and optimistic "Locarno spirit". She becomes pregnant. Following the Munich Agreement and the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Germans were able to use the Czech fortifications to plan attacks that proved successful against the western fortifications (the Belgian Fort Eben-Emael is the best-known example). When Joffre, Maginot and others conceived of the Maginot Line, Germany was under tight military restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. The problem was that Hitler and his generals abandoned the "static" style of WWI fighting for a far more mobile blitzkrieg attack that punched a hole into France through Belgium and the Netherlands. The lies about traveling with the prostitutes points to her desire to escape her abusive home and see the world. Nevertheless, Maxime Weygand signed the surrender instrument and the army was ordered out of their fortifications to be taken to POW camps. Dunion. He comes from a family with a long tradition of academic achievement, all light-skinned blacks who marry "up," with other people of mixed race. Petrol-engined armoured locomotives pulled supply trains along these narrow-gauge lines. Line of fortifications along the French/German border, 1927: Allied Control Commission abolished. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. [4] J.E. Czechoslovakia also feared Hitler and began building its own defences. In contrast to her own house, which is miserable and in disrepair, the house of the white people for whom she works is spotless. Some of the larger ouvrages were converted to command centres. [10], The training was carried out at a fortress near the town of Bitche in Moselle in Lorraine, built in a military training area and so capable of live fire exercises. Of the roughly 8.5 million French soldiers mobilized in 1914 to fight Germany and the other Central Powers, more than 6 million became casualties, either killed, wounded or declared missing during four years of grueling trench warfare. However, they can never be white, and their worship of their colonial masters and hatred of their African ancestry has turned them into a twisted and self-loathing people. He is fiercely protective of his daughters. ! The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. His mother vanishes, and his father had already skipped town before Cholly was born. "The Maginot Line was never meant to fight the war by itself. [18] Given the diplomatic situation in the late 1920s, the Quai d'Orsay informed the government that French military planning should be based on a worst-case scenario that France would fight the next war against Germany without the help of Britain or the United States. The last line of defense was the Maginot Line's massive ouvrages, each large enough to hold 500 to 1,000 permanent troops. At the house where Polly Breedlove works, we see where Mrs. Breedlove gives most of her attention and love. The thinness of her companions is then connected to whisky (again based on something that they have heard their mother say, but which they misunderstood), and so they undertake a quest to procure whisky for Frieda. The line included the following retractable turrets. 3. To be used as a basis for a counter-offensive. Narrow Gauge Railway System: A network of 600mm (.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1ft11+58in) narrow gauge railways was built to rearm and resupply the main fortresses (ouvrages) from supply depots up to 50km (31mi) away. [26] Germany had to import most of its iron, rubber, oil, bauxite, copper and nickel, making naval blockade a devastating weapon against the German economy. 15. 11. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. The hot pie filling burns Pecola's legs painfully, but when Mrs. Breedlove returns and sees the mess she runs to Pecola and backhands her, knocking the girl down. "That's the part that fell apart for the Allies.". This chapter emphasizes the ignorance and confusion that accompany Friedas experience of becoming a sexual being. Kaufmann and H.W. She finds a permanent job working for a wealthy and warm-hearted white family called the Fishers. Morrison also manages to humanize Marie (the Maginot Line) without sugar-coating her. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. The line was built in several phases from 1930 by the Service Technique du Gnie (STG), overseen by Commission d'Organisation des Rgions Fortifies (CORF). The theme of love's scarcity can be seen in the treatment of Marie and the other prostitutes, whose names recall their vulnerable status. Feared Hitler and began building its own defences Line 's massive ouvrages, each large enough to hold 500 1,000., in Blue Jack, and a small white girl comes in and asks for Polly to of... 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